生物多糖超声波辅助提取研究进展

超声辅助提取技术具有提取条件温和、提取时间短和提取率高的优点,已广泛应用于多种生物多糖的提取。本文就超声辅助提取对多糖提取率、多糖结构、多糖加工特性及多糖生理活性的影响研究进行了综述,为生物多糖的超声辅助提取提供参考。     

The effect of recirculating aquaculture systems on the concentrations of heavy metals in culture water and tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

To date, farming fish in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is one of the most environmentally friendly ways of producing fish. However, with the trend towards intensification, and consequently decrease in water exchange rates, these systems may accumulate substances, such as heavy metals, in the water and fish. Inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscope (ICP-MS) were used to determine Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, in the water and fish (Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus). Three RAS were used, differing in daily water exchange rates (30, 70 and 1500 l/kg feed/d). The concentrations of As, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in the water increased with decreasing water exchange rates, suggesting an accumulation of heavy metals as more water was re-used. Such accumulation in the water was, however, not translated into accumulation in the liver and muscle. Accumulation of heavy metals was always higher in the liver than in the muscle; however, As reached 1.61 mg/kg wet weight in the muscle of fish farmed in RAS-70 l/kg feed/d. However, these levels are considerably lower than permissible safety levels for human consumption.     

KI25X变压器油的热解特性研究及动力学分析

采用热重分析和热重-红外联用技术,探究了常用变压器油KI25X在3种不同升温速率下的热解特性,发现热解过程主要发生在200～300℃和550～800℃两个阶段,且通过试验发现变压器热故障释放能量会造成变压器油的热解劣化,破坏变压器油的化学键,产生低分子烃类气体并溶于其中.利用微分法和积分法热力学理论计算出变压器油在N2...     

离子注入硅退火过程中平面形核和结晶问题研究

According to the thermodynamic and kinectic theory, considering variation of bulk free energy and superficial energy after nucleation as well as migration of atom, we study deeply planar nucleation and crystallization that relate to two possible transition mechanism in the process of annealing of ion implanted Si. 1） Liquid/Solid transition: critical nucleation work is a half of increased superficial energy and inversely proportional to the supercooling . Compared with bulk nucleation, the radius of critical nucleus decrease by a half, nucleation rate attain its maximum at T=1/2Tm; 2） Amorphous/Crystal transition: atoms containing in critical nucleus and on its surface, as well as critical nucleation work are all directly proportional to the height of nucleus, nucleation barrier is a half of superficial energy too. Taking SiGe semiconductor as an example, we calculate that the value of its elastic strain energy is 0.03eV/atom, and get more reasonable result after taking its effect to transition into account. In one word, we reach such a conclusion through calculation: for annealing of ion implanted Si, no matter what transition way—liquid or solid, the planar nucleation and recrystallization process is actually carried out layer by layer on crystal substrate, probability forming “rod-like”nucleus is much larger than probability of “plate-like”nucleus.     

高碱度少水反应体系合成4A沸石凝胶性质的研究

研究了高碱度少水体系间歇法水热合成4A沸石过程中,原料加料顺序对凝胶性质、反应混合物液相组成以及晶化速率和晶体粒度的影响;进而对凝胶的流变学性质进行了研究.实验结果表明,反应混合物凝胶为显著的剪切稀化体系,采用适当的加料顺序可以改善凝胶的性质,在成胶和晶化过程中高速搅拌有利于凝胶稀化,形成均匀的反应混合物凝胶,从而形成更多晶核,有利于水热晶化过程快速进行,减小产品粒度.     

Modeling for Formation of Proeutectoid Ferrite in Steel during Continuous Cooling

A novel model of the evolution of microstructure during continuous cooling with the formation of proeutectoid ferrite in steel was proposed from a Voronoi construction for the austenite grains, based on the Rappaz‘s integral nucleation model and the assumption that the ferrite nucleates at the edges of the original austenite grains and the successive growth of the ferrite grain is radial. The model can be used to calculate the fraction of ferrite as a function of time or temperature during continuous cooling, and to determine the microstructure of ferrite. The calculated results are in agreement with experimental results investigated in 0.38C-0.28Si-0.55Mn-0.92Cr-0.20Mo steel under continuous cooling using a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator.     

Nucleation of Bainite in Bainite Ductile Cast Iron

The bainite ductile cast iron with given comppasition was quenched to get bainite strueture. The nucleating position of bainite and the distrihution of alloying elements in the matrix were measured. The results show thai the bainite nucleates at the interface between graphite and austenite during quenching. Based on the experimental results and thermodynamics, the nucleating tnechanism of bainite in ductile iron was analyzed.     

RF等离子辅助热丝CVD法制备大面积β-SiC薄膜

采用RF辅助加热CVD方法,在76mm硅衬底上生长了β-SiC薄膜。设备为电容耦合式RF(13.56MHz)等离子体装置,反应气体为甲烷(CH4);通过控制反应系统内碳原子成核生长的条件,实现了大面积β-SiC薄膜的生长。对样品进行了XRD、AFM检查;退火后整个样片膜厚均匀、一致性好、应力低、与衬底的粘附性好。     

核化时间对钢渣微晶玻璃物理性能的影响

用钢渣作为主要原料制备了微晶玻璃。测定了不同核化时间下试样的抗弯强度和体密度,并研究T2者之间的关系。用DTA、XRD和SEM研究了核化和晶化温度,并鉴定了微晶玻璃的主晶相。研究表明,随着核化时间增加,微晶玻璃试样的抗弯强度、密度和晶相含量逐渐提高;而核化时间过长则耗能增加,性能几乎不再提高。用钢渣生产微晶玻璃是利用钢渣的一条有效途径。     

Entropy generation in an asymmetrically cooled slab with temperature‐dependent internal heat generation

The paper presents an entropy generation analysis for steady conduction in a slab with temperature‐dependent volumetric internal heat generation. The slab experiences asymmetric convective cooling on its two faces. The exact analytical solution for the temperature distribution is used to compute dimensionless local and total entropy generation rates in the slab. The total entropy generation rate depends on five dimensionless parameters: reference heat generation temperature Q, the heat generation–temperature variation parameter a, the temperature asymmetry parameter λ, and Biot numbers Bi₁ and Bi₂. Graphs illustrating the effect of these five parameters on the local and total entropy generation rates are presented and discussed. It is found that the total entropy generation in the slab can be minimized with a suitable choice of the cooling parameters. The paper corrects the flawed entropy results published recently. The present results for the special case of uniform internal heat generation confirm the results presented in a 2003 paper. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20404